Estimation of Age Through Visual Analysis of The Anatomical Surfaces of the Pubic Symphyses and Medial Epiphyses of the Clavicle

Abstract

Forensic Anthropology is a crucial auxiliary tool for age estimation in cases involving skeletons with advanced decomposition, mutilation, skeletonization, or fragmentation. Objective: To assess the applicability of qualitative methods for age estimation in a modern Brazilian sample. Morphological analyses of the pubic symphyses and medial epiphyses of the clavicle were conducted using photographic captures (Canon® digital camera and ABFO scale no. 2). The collected data included information such as sex, age, ancestry, and cause of death. Sample selection criteria considered the integrity of the skeletons, preservation quality, and age range between 17 and 65 years. Statistical analysis included chi-square tests to evaluate the association between morphological phases and age ranges, as well as confidence intervals, sensitivity, and specificity. The sample consisted of 15 female skeletons (22 to 65 years old) and 40 male skeletons (17 to 65 years old), with an average and median age of 37 years. Statistical tests showed significance only in the male sample regarding pubic symphysis analysis. The results were promising, although only the male sample in the pubic symphysis analysis showed statistical significance. This study highlights the importance of regional validations and the application of specific methodologies for diverse population samples.